Calculator
Thermal Expansion Calculator
Calculate the thermal expansion of piping when heated. Determine the expansion length and the force it generates if restrained — essential for designing expansion loops and supports.
Interactive toolUpdated July 2026
Inputs
Operating temp − ambient temp
Results
Expansion Length
19.2 mm
Over 10 m of carbon steel pipe
Coefficient of Expansion
12.0 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
If Restrained (force)
~3.8 tonnes
Force on anchors if not accommodated
The Formula
ΔL = α × L × ΔT
Where: ΔL = expansion (mm), α = coefficient of thermal expansion (mm/mm·°C), L = pipe length (mm), ΔT = temperature change (°C)
Coefficients of Expansion
| Material | α (× 10⁻⁶ /°C) |
|---|---|
| Carbon steel | 12 |
| Stainless steel | 16–18 |
| Copper | 23 |
| PVC | 50–80 |
| Aluminium | 23 |
!
Critical: Never rigidly anchor a pipe at both ends without expansion accommodation. The thermal force can exceed the pipe's material strength and cause catastrophic rupture. Always install expansion loops, bellows, or flexible joints.